Independent Study on Culture's Influence on luxury consumption in Term Paper

Independent Study on Culture's Influence on luxury consumption in China and USA - Term Paper Example In order to accomplish that endeavor, the paper will examine the consumer’s characteristics in these two markets and make marketing recommendations. The paper will also give an example of some corporations and brands that have capitalized on these unique characteristics through their marketing strategies to capture the luxury market. The recent researches conducted on consumer behavior have shown a direct correlation between the people’s culture and consumer behavioral patterns (Henry 122). Each culture has its own values that it upholds. These values are the ones that affect the consumer’s attitudes towards certain products, which ultimately affect the consuming patterns and behaviors. The cultural identity affects the choice of products by affecting the perceptions and judgments of the consumer. Once these perceptions and judgments have been made consistent such that they are predictable, the consumer can said to have formed a consuming behavior. Multinational companies use these customers’ behaviors and preferences to design their marketing strategies so that they can optimize their sales and maximize their profitability (Hostede 32). As Russell and Valenzuela (87) aptly captures it, â€Å"Cross cultural value systems will influence consumer tipping behavior, product evaluations, value-a ttitude relations, persuasion effects, consumer innovativeness and behavioral intention models†. Figure 1 shows how culture influence consumer behaviors. However, culture has also been found to affect only the consumption of certain goods. There are, thus, some exempted cases whereby the culture of a certain place barely has a bearing on the consumer behaviors of a certain product. A good example is a global product, which blurs any existing cultural differences. A consumer of such a product is known as a global consumer who is not dependent on a culture to make consumption decisions in

The Failure of The War Powers Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Failure of The War Powers Resolution - Essay Example The joint resolution only allowed the president to take such an action, on the event that there is a war emergency that the army should respond to. Other instances include, should the US, its territories or its interests be attacked (David & Larry, 1996 p22). As the provision of the law, the president should notify the congress once his intention to place the armed forces into war, within a span of 48 hours. More to this provision is the fact that the armed forces are prohibited from remaining in the war zone abroad for a period exceeding two months. After the expiry of the first two months, the army is granted 30 more days within which all its soldiers and operations should be withdrawn for the territory (Gareth, 2007 p19). Since this joint resolution was passed by majority two thirds of the congress, then the president has no veto powers over the legislation and thus has just to agree with the terms as provided. However, some presidents of the US have superseded these provisions, a nd engaged in war, without strictly adhering to the legislation, under some circumstances. Notable are the examples of presidents Bill Clinton and Obama, whereby in 1999, Clinton authorized the bombing of Kosovo, in total disregard of these legislative provisions. In 2011, president Obama went ahead and approved to enforce a no-fly zone policy over Libya, as was required by the UN (Dinan, 2006 W6). While President Obama held the view that the legislation did not provide restrictions for such actions, many of the US presidents have also held the same viewpoint, arguing that the legislation is against the US constitution. As per the US constitution, the congress is mandated with the powers of declaring war, supporting the armed forces and also the budget for such wars, and making all the necessary legislations that oversees the execution of such wars. The institution of presidency on the other hand is mandated to lead the armed forces and repel any attack that may face the US (Glen, 2 011 p28). As a privilege added to this institution, the president can agree to or reject a declaration of war issued by the congress, as he deems necessary. Therefore, there has been a struggle between the congress and the US presidents on the constitutionality of such provisions, as provided for by The War Powers Resolution. This has seen the provisions undermined by the presidents, through taking such war actions without consulting the congress. Thus, a question arises as to which institution, among the congress, the Supreme Court and the president is responsible for this failure. The failure of The War Powers Resolution can be traced to the side of congress. These failures are both in the way the congress enacted the legislation and in its failure to enforce the enacted law subsequently, where it would be necessary to contain the actions of the presidents (Rumsfeld, 2011 p14). Though some US presidents have totally overruled the provisions of the legislation, there is a possibili ty that the congress could nave contained such undermining, through their legislative and consequent enforcement powers. Thus, even though the institution of presidency can be blamed for such failures through undermining the requisite laws, the congress bears the greater burden of failure. The major failure of the War Powers Resolution, as a legislation is in its objective, under section 2a, where the law meant to seek a collective judgment in matters pertaining to wars